What is a "scupper"?
Not quite. The answer is B: An opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain off a roof as overflow, without a piped connection to the storm drainage system
A scupper is a through-wall opening that lets ponding water spill off the roof edge once it rises above the scupper's sill; because nothing is piped to it, it can't clog the way a strainer or a piped drain can. The UPC accepts scuppers or an open-sided roof as secondary drainage where the roof perimeter extends above the roof and traps water, with openings at least 4 inches high.
Reference: UPC 2021 §1101.12.2.1 (Roof scuppers or open side (secondary drainage))
Checked against the official text
The UPC does not define "scupper" in chapter 2; this describes how §1101.12.2.1 uses the term. The 2015 edition's secondary-drainage text was not read; confirm against your 2015 book.